32 Celsius = 89 F !!!!!!!!!!!!
Effect of water temperature on performance, lactate production and heart rate at swimming of maximal and submaximal intensity.
Mougios V, Deligiannis A.
The effect of water temperature on performance effort, monitored heart rate and lactate production during freestyle swimming at maximal and submaximal speed has been studied. Fifteen male sprint swimmers performing 100 m swimming and fifteen comparable endurance competitors performing 30 min swimming at submaximal speed served as subjects. Water temperature in separate events was 20, 26 and 32 degrees C. At maximal performance there was a direct relationship between any two of the following parameters: water temperature, average swimming speed, heart rate during the competition and plasma lactate concentration after the event. Thus, the best effort (speed 1.704 m/s), the highest peak heart rate (185 beats/min) and the highest lactate level (19.8 mmol/l) were observed at 32 degrees C (all mean values). In contrast, these values were markedly lower at 20 degrees C. At the submaximal effort, water temperature was related to peak heart rate only. The highest peak heart rate (144 beats/min) was again obtained at 32 degrees C, while the lactate concentration (4.2-5.2 mmol/l) was independent of temperature. Water temperature appears to have a direct effect on performance effort, heart rate and lactate production during swimming at maximal intensity, whereas this effect seems to fade at submaximal efforts.
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Former Member
That's the spirit - when we don't "like" or agree with the result of a study, we just say it's wrong based on our own "scientific" experience.
Here is another one -- or the short version "Blood lactate concentration during swimming in 23°C water was higher than that during the other two swimming trials (28 and 33)":
Abstract:
The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of water temperature on the human body during low-intensity prolonged swimming. Six male college swimmers participated in this study. The experiments consisted of *** stroke swimming for 120 minutes in 23°C, 28°C and 33°C water at a constant speed of 0.4 m · sec-1 in a swimming flume. The same subjects walked on a treadmill at a rate of approximately 50% of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) at the same relative intensity as the three swimming trials. Rectal temperature (Tre) in 33°C water was unchanged during swimming for 120 minutes. Tre during treadmill walking increased significantly compared to the three different swimming trials. Tre, mean skin temperature (Tsk) and mean body temperature (Tb) in 23°C and 28°C water decreased significantly more than in both the 33°C water and walking on land. VO2 during swimming in 23°C water increased more than during swimming in the 28°C and 33°C trials; however, there were no significant differences in VO2 between the 23°C swimming trial and treadmill walking. Heart rate (HR) during treadmill walking on land increased significantly compared with HR during the three swimming trials. Plasma adrenaline concentration at the end of the treadmill walking was higher than that at the end of each of the three swimming trials. Noradrenaline concentrations at the end of swimming in the 23°C water and treadmill walking were higher than those during the other two swimming trials. Blood lactate concentration during swimming in 23°C water was higher than that during the other two swimming trials and walking on land. These results suggest that the balance of heat loss and heat production is maintained in the warm water temperature. Therefore, a relatively warm water temperature may be desirable when prolonged swimming or other water exercise is performed at low intensity.
I am going to go out on a limb and say that this second study has no baring on competitive swim training or racing. 50% VO2max is what, and easy slow pace?
Here is the full text of the first study.
users.auth.gr/.../5 (Mougios 1993).pdf
I can't figure out if the swim times for group A are considered statistically significant between the 26C and the 32C test. If it is not, the paper does not support your case that a higher temperature is better, since elevated heart rate/lactate level/etc does not mean faster swimming. Based on the increased std of the 32C group, I am going to say now.
Group B provides no insight on water temperature and swimming speed.
Sprinting in warmer water might be faster than 78-80F water, but these papers don't appear to support that.
That's the spirit - when we don't "like" or agree with the result of a study, we just say it's wrong based on our own "scientific" experience.
Here is another one -- or the short version "Blood lactate concentration during swimming in 23°C water was higher than that during the other two swimming trials (28 and 33)":
Abstract:
The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of water temperature on the human body during low-intensity prolonged swimming. Six male college swimmers participated in this study. The experiments consisted of *** stroke swimming for 120 minutes in 23°C, 28°C and 33°C water at a constant speed of 0.4 m · sec-1 in a swimming flume. The same subjects walked on a treadmill at a rate of approximately 50% of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) at the same relative intensity as the three swimming trials. Rectal temperature (Tre) in 33°C water was unchanged during swimming for 120 minutes. Tre during treadmill walking increased significantly compared to the three different swimming trials. Tre, mean skin temperature (Tsk) and mean body temperature (Tb) in 23°C and 28°C water decreased significantly more than in both the 33°C water and walking on land. VO2 during swimming in 23°C water increased more than during swimming in the 28°C and 33°C trials; however, there were no significant differences in VO2 between the 23°C swimming trial and treadmill walking. Heart rate (HR) during treadmill walking on land increased significantly compared with HR during the three swimming trials. Plasma adrenaline concentration at the end of the treadmill walking was higher than that at the end of each of the three swimming trials. Noradrenaline concentrations at the end of swimming in the 23°C water and treadmill walking were higher than those during the other two swimming trials. Blood lactate concentration during swimming in 23°C water was higher than that during the other two swimming trials and walking on land. These results suggest that the balance of heat loss and heat production is maintained in the warm water temperature. Therefore, a relatively warm water temperature may be desirable when prolonged swimming or other water exercise is performed at low intensity.
I am going to go out on a limb and say that this second study has no baring on competitive swim training or racing. 50% VO2max is what, and easy slow pace?
Here is the full text of the first study.
users.auth.gr/.../5 (Mougios 1993).pdf
I can't figure out if the swim times for group A are considered statistically significant between the 26C and the 32C test. If it is not, the paper does not support your case that a higher temperature is better, since elevated heart rate/lactate level/etc does not mean faster swimming. Based on the increased std of the 32C group, I am going to say now.
Group B provides no insight on water temperature and swimming speed.
Sprinting in warmer water might be faster than 78-80F water, but these papers don't appear to support that.
